Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

The 2022 American Heart Association (AHA) Statistical Update uses updated language surrounding race and ethnicity to honor the people belonging to each group. Instead of referring to a specific group with only the name of their race or ethnicity, we have identified each race or ethnic classification with terms such as “Asian people,” “Black adults,” “Hispanic youth,” “White females,” or similar terms.

As the AHA continues its focus on health equity to address structural racism, we are working actively to reconcile language used in previously published data sources and studies as we compile this information in the annual Statistical Update. We strive to use the racial and ethnic terms from the original data sources or published studies (mostly from the past 5 years), which may not be as inclusive as the terms now used in 2022. As style guidelines for scientific writing evolve, they will serve as guidance for data sources and publications and how they are cited in future Statistical Update publications.

The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institutes of Health; the US Department of Health and Human Services; or the US Department of Veterans Affairs.

The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.

A copy of the document is available at https://professional.heart.org/statements by using either “Search for Guidelines & Statements” or the “Browse by Topic” area.

The American Heart Association requests that this document be cited as follows: Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Carson AP, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Ferguson JF, Generoso G, Ho JE, Kalani R, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Levine DA, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Ma J, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Thacker EL, VanWagner LB, Virani SS, Voecks JH, Wang N-Y, Yaffe K, Martin SS; on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2022 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145:e153–e639. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001052

The expert peer review of AHA-commissioned documents (eg, scientific statements, clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews) is conducted by the AHA Office of Science Operations. For more on AHA statements and guidelines development, visit https://professional.heart.org/statements. Select the “Guidelines & Statements” drop-down menu, then click “Publication Development.”

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